2023 marks the 25th anniversary of the signing of the Rome Statute and the 21st anniversary of its entry into force. Those joint milestones present an opportunity to reflect on the major achievements and the limitations of the world’s first permanent international criminal tribunal. Just a few years ago the ICC faced a crisis of discontent with the US, Russia and Israel angry with the opening of formal criminal investigations into the situations in Afghanistan, Georgia and Palestine and the ICC’s purported jurisdiction over the conduct of their respective armed forces despite not signing on to the Rome Statute. Now, States Parties have been rushing to support the work of the ICC in investigating Rome Statute offences in Ukraine and the Court is enjoying an unprecedented level of multilateral support. The trial work of the Court continues but, intriguingly, the spectre of ICC jurisdiction provides an incentive for States to take more seriously the investigation of alleged war crimes by their own armed forces – confirmed in NZ’s Operation Burnham Inquiry, Australia’s Brereton Inquiry and the work of the OSI and in the UK’s Haddon-Cave Inquiry. All of those initiatives are welcome developments given the limited resources of the ICC.