2019

MA Nolan, 'Regulating the Online Sharing of 'Abhorrent Violent Material': A Step Too Far in the Regulation of Cyberspace and in the Creativity of Australian Federal Criminal Law' (Paper presented at the Psychiatry, Psychology and Law: Collaboration and Challenges Across the Global South conference, The Australian and New Zealand Association of Psychiatry, Psychology and Law and The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists, Faculty of Forensic Psychiatry, 2019 Joint Conference, Singapore, November 5-8, https://www.ppl2019.com/).

MA Nolan, A Hopkins, S Tang, L Bartels, and S Buglar 'Compassion and Sentencing: The Sentencing of Cardinal Pell as a Case Study' (Paper presented at the Psychiatry, Psychology and Law: Collaboration and Challenges Across the Global South conference, The Australian and New Zealand Association of Psychiatry, Psychology and Law and The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists, Faculty of Forensic Psychiatry, 2019 Joint Conference, Singapore, November 5-8, https://www.ppl2019.com/).

MA Nolan, 'National Security and Freedom of the Press' (Panel member with A/Prof David Letts, Dr Dom Dalla-Pozza and Mr Daniel Stewart, at this Centre for International and Public Law seminar, 3 July https://law.anu.edu.au/event/panel-discussion/national-security-and-freedom-press). Audio available at: https://soundcloud.com/anu-college-of-law/national-security-and-freedom-of-the-press  

MA Nolan, 'Current Status and Gaps in Australian Law: Sharing of Abhorrent Violent Material Online' (Paper presented at the After Christchurch: Violent Extremism Online workshop, ANU Australian Studies Institute, 29 August).

MA Nolan, 'Narratives of compassion in sentencing: Reflections on the sentencing of Pell and Empirical Work' (Paper presented at the Regnet Brown Bag Criminology Seminar, 12 September).

MA Nolan, 'Narratives of compassion in sentencing: Reflections on the sentencing of Pell and Empirical Work' (Paper presented at The dynamics of the trial: Empirical investigations into courtroom interactions Workshop, ANU College of Law, 3 September).

2018

MA Nolan, 'Truth, Preventing Terrorism, and Predicting Reoffending Risk: Post-Sentence  Detention for Terrorism and Other Offenders' (Paper presented at the 11th ANU Spring Workshop in Social Psychology, Thursday 4 December, 2018)

MA Nolan, 'Post -sentence Detention of Terrorists: From Sins of the Past to Predicting Future Risk in Three New Australian Regimes'  (Paper presented at the 38th Annual Congress of the Australian and New Zealand Association of Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, Hobart, 23 November, 2018).

MA Nolan, J Goodman-Delahunty, E van Gijn-Grosvenor, 'Memories of Childhood Sexual Abuse as Evidence' (Half-day workshop presented to the 38th Annual Congress of the Australian and New Zealand Association of Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, Hobart, 21 November, 2018).

MA Nolan, 'Post-sentence Detention of Terrorist offenders and Others at Risk of Committing Terrorism Offences Upon Release'  (Paper presented at the Translating PVE/CVE Research Into Evidence Based Policy Research-Policy-Practice Trilogue, The University of Queensland, 2 August 2018).

MA Nolan, J Goodman-Delahunty, E van Gijn-Grosvenor, 'The Top 10 Facts About Memory of Child Sexual Abuse' (Paper presented to the Australian and New Zealand Association of Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, AGM Seminar, 21 March 2018).

2017

MA Nolan, 'Empirical Guidance on the Effects of Child Sexual Abuse on Memory and Complainants' Evidence' (Paper presented to the Childrens' Court Magistrates' Education Day, Melbourne, 12 Oct 2017).

MA Nolan and Charisse Smith, 'Assessing Risk of Terrorist Recidivism and Evaluating Prison-Based Disengagement and/or Deradicalisation Treatment Programs: Are We Even Close to Being Ready For Continuing Detention Order Regimes For Terror Convicts' (Paper presented at the 36th ANZAPPL Annual Congress, The  Perils of Belief: Contending With the Consequences of Cults, Conspiracy and Contagion, Auckland, New Zealand, 24 November 2016 https://medium.com/@anzappl/.

MA Nolan, 'Assessing Risk of Terrorist Recidivism and Evaluating Prison-Based Treatment Programs: Are We Even Close to Being Ready for Continuing Detention Order Regimes for Terror Convicts? (Paper presented at the 27th Annual Meeting of the International Police Executive Symposium 2016, George Washington University, Washington DC, 8-13 August 2016).

MA Nolan and J Goodman-Delahunty, 'Experimentally-based Law Reform: Effective Integration of Legal Psychology' (Paper presented to the National Law Reform Conference, 14-15 April 2016, University House, The Australian National University, http://www.anu.edu.au/events/the-national-law-reform-conference)

2015

MA Nolan, Counsel for the Attorney-General in Mock Continuing Detention Order Hearing A-G(Qld) v Nikora, 2 hour Feature Session, 35th Annual Congress of the Australian and New Zealand Association of Psychitary, Psychology and Law (jointly hosted with the Faculty of Forensic Psychiatry of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists, Hyatt Hotel Canberra, 28 Nov 2015) [also was the principal author of the mock hearing scenario].

J Boland, MA Nolan, and S Rice, 'Improving Legal Literacy Among Prisoners: Social Justice Behind Bars' (Paper presented to the Justice and Hope session of the Justice Connections 4 Conference, University House, ANU Canberra, 20 Nov 2015).

MA Nolan, 'Legal Psychology in Australian Law Schools?: Reflecting on More Than a Decade of Experience' (Paper presented to the Teaching and Learning Seminar, University of New England, 12 Nov 2015).

MA Nolan,'Psychology of Investigative Interviewing' (Teaching of Indonesian Anti-Corruption Commission (KPK) staff at the Queensland Police Service Academy 21 October).

MA Nolan, 'Learning from Each Other: Should Psychological Research on All-Citizen Juries and Mixed Courts Be More Similar Than Different?' (Inivted Keynote Presentation to 9th Annual Conference of the East Asian Law and Psychology Association, Ritsumeikan University, Osaka Ibaraki Campus, Japan, 17-18 October, 2015).

MA Nolan, 'The Criminal Liability of Children: Comaparative and Psychological Perspectives' (Dinstinguished Scholars Lecture Series, Faculty of Law, Thammasat University, Bangkok, 14 August 2015).

MA Nolan, Participant in Roundtable Discussion, Concept of Lawyering and the Role of Lawyers in Anti-Trafficking Initiatives, 26th Annual Meeting of the International Police Executive Symposium, Police Governance and Human Trafficking, Ravindra Resort and Spa, Pattaya, Chonburi, Thailand, 8-12 August 2015).

MA Nolan, 'PhD and Masters by Research Skills in Law' (12 hours lectures for students and supervisors; DFAT-funded project for ANU staff to teach and research with colleagues at Faculty of Law, University of Yangon, Myanmar).

MA Nolan, 'Investigations Immunities and Determining the Duty of Care for Police in Tort' (2 hour lecture to 2nd year LLB students, Faculty of Law, University of Yangon, Myanmar, 17 August 2015);

MA Nolan, 'National and International Human Rights Regimes: Some Examples from Australia' (2 hour Lecture, Diploma of International Relations Students, Department of International Relations, University of Yangon, Myanmar, 19 June 2015).

2014

MA Nolan, 'Balancing Vulnerability and Responsibility: Human Rights, Psychology, and the Criminal Responsibility of Children in Comparative Perspective' (Paper presented at the Australian and New Zealand Association of Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, Annual Congress, Menzies Hotel, Sydney, 20 Nov 2014)

MA Nolan, 'Vulnerability and Responsibility: Human Rights and  the Criminal Responsibility of Children in Comparative Perspective' (Paper presented  to the Australian Psychological Society Professional Development seminar, Calvary Hospital, Canberra, 25 June 2014).

MA Nolan, "Unconscious Judicial Prejudice . . . and the Psychology  of (Judicial) Decision-Making" (Presentation with panel members Justice Monika Schmidt (NSWSC) and Justice Steven Rares (FCA) as part of the National Judicial Orientation Program, convened by the National Judicial College of Australia, Sofitel Hotel, Broadbeach, 17 June 2014).

MA Nolan, 'Should We Give Children a Doli?: Human Rights and the Criminal Responsibility in Comparative Perspective' (Paper presented to the Justice Connections Symposium III, University of Canberra, 30 May, 2014).

MA Nolan, 'Should We Give Children a Doli?: Human Rights and the Criminal Responsibility in Comparative Perspective' (Paper presented to the Early to Mid Career Research Workshop, Critical Approaches to Law, Governance and Development, ANU College of Law, 20-21 February 2014).

2013

MA Nolan, ‘Is There a Duty of Care Owed by Attending Police to a Mentally Ill Person in Crisis in the Community?’ (Paper presented at the 33rd ANZAPPL Annual Congress, Human Frailties, Human Rights, Human Nature: Psychiatrists, Psychologists and Lawyers, Adelaide 28-30 November 2013).

MA Nolan, ‘Beyond “Mere Emotions”: Psychological Injury as Aggravated Assault  in Criminal Prosecutions’ (Paper presented at the Australian Psychological Society’s College of Forensic Psychologists Conference, Fremantle, 18-20 April 2013).

2012

MA Nolan, 'Promoting Soft Empty Hands Negotiation or Hands Now Tied? Tortious Liability for Negligent Interaction with a Mentally Ill Citizen in the ACT Case of Crowley' (Paper presented to the 'Policing' session of the 32nd Annual Congress of the Australian and New Zealand Association of Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, Melbourne, 23-25 November 2012).

MA Nolan, 'Intoxication Under the Commonwealth Criminal Code: Between the Rock of O'Connor and the Hard Place of Majewski' (Paper presented to the Works in Progress Seminar Series, ANU College of Law, 18 October 2012).

MA Nolan, "Unconscious Judicial Prejudice" (Presentation with panel members Justice John Dowsett (FCA) and Justice Debra Mullins (QSC) as part of the National Judicial Orientation Program, convened by the National Judicial College of Australia, Glenelg Pier Hotel, Glenelg, 22 May 2012).

MA Nolan, 'Intoxication Under the Commonwealth Criminal Code: Between the Rock of O'Connor and the Hard Place of Majewski' (Paper presented to the University of Newcastle Law School's Research Network, 28 March 2012, Newcastle Law Clinic).

2011

MA Nolan, 'Jury Research: Use of Question Trails in Decision Making' (Paper presented at Australian Association of Crown Prosecutors Annual Conference, National Portrait Gallery, Canberra, 7 July 2011).

MA Nolan, 'Political Protest or Terrorism: Terrorism Charges Against the Red and Yellow Shirts' (Paper presented at Seminar Thailand at the Limit: One Year After the April-May 2010 Protests, Hedley Bull Lecture Theatre, ANU, organised by Dr Tyrell Haberkorn, ANU College of Asia and the Pacific, 5 May 2011.

MA Nolan, 'Collaborative Teaching of Comparative Law' (Paper presented at the 2nd Law Deans' Meeting of the Association of Pacfic Rim Universities, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 22 April, 2011.

MA Nolan, 'Special Verdict Forms in Criminal Jury Deliberations: Their Social Psychological Impact and Legal Controversy' (Paper presented to the Jury Research Symposium (Dr Blake McKimmie, Chair), 40th Annual Meeting of the Society of Australasian Social Psychologists, Manly Pacific Novotel, 16 April 2011).

MA Nolan, 'Identifying Your Prejudices To Ensure Decisions Are Free of Bias' (Presentation in the Legalwise Decision Making and Judgment Writing Workshop, Thursday 10 March 2011, UNSW CBD Campus).

2010

MA Nolan, 'Constructing Models of Law School Curricula and Teaching in Times of Global (and Domestic) Financial Crises' (Paper presented at the Inaugural Law Deans' Meeting of the Association of Pacific Rim Universities, Faculty of Law, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 15 October 2010)

MA Nolan, 'Psychological Harm and the Criminal Law: Should the Risk of Causing Psychological Harm Help to Define Terrorist Acts?' (Seminar to be presented at the ARC Centre of Excellence in Policing and Security (CEPS), Mt Gravatt campus, Griffith University, 1 September 2010).

MA Nolan and Jacqui Field, 'Citizenship, Allegiance, and Multiple Identity: Social and Developmental Psychological Research with Adults and Children' (Presentation to Centre for International and Public Law Workshop on Allegiance and Identity in a Globalised World, 19-21 July 2010, The Australian National University).

MA Nolan, 'Psychological Harm and Criminal Liability: From Assault to Terrorism Offences' (Paper presented in the International Association of Applied Psychology Division 10 Psychology and Law invited Symposium (Chair: Prof Jane Goodman-Delahunty), 'Social Cognitive and Legal Psychological Perspectives on Counter-Terrorism: Innovations in Theory and Research', 12 July 2010, 27th International Congress of Applied Psychology, 11-16 July 2010, Melbourne Convention and Exhibition Centre).

MA Nolan, 'Beyond Legal Research: Reflections on Interdisciplinary Research . . . by a Legal Psychologist' (Paper presented at the National Graduate Law Conference, The Other Side of the Law: Beyond Legal Research, 8-9 July 2010, Hedley Bull Centre, The Australian National University).

2009

MA Nolan, 'Diversity and Citizenship' (Presentation at the 14th Annual Public Law Week-End, Change, in the panel titled Law, Constitutions and Changes in the Population (13 November 2009).

MA Nolan, 'Unconscious Prejudice and the Psychology of Judicial Decision-making' (Presentation to the National Judicial College of Australia's Judicial Seminar, Parliament House, Darwin, 7 September 2009).

MA Nolan, 'Reflections About Interdisciplinary Research by a Legal Psychologist' (Presentation to National Graduate Research Workshop: Interdisciplinary Methods, National Europe Centre, Canberra, 27 August 2009).

MA Nolan (and Prita Jobling), 'To Shoot or Not to Shoot: Legal Psychological Perspective on the Use of Lethal Force Decision-Making' (Presentation to the Australian Association of Forensic Sciences - ACT Chapter Meeting, University House, Canberra, 27 August 2009).

MA Nolan, 'Dual Identity: Psychological Perspectives' (Presentation alongside Prof Kim Rubenstein to University of the 3rd Age, Canberra, 18 August, 2009).

MA Nolan, 'Counter-terrorism, Interviewing, and Investigative Relationships: The ul-Haque Case Study.' (Paper presented at the Australian and New Zealand Association of Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, Seminar Part A Terrorism, Interrogation and Torture: International, Legal and Policy Implications, Sydney, 18 August, 2009).

MA Nolan, 'Legal Research . . . With Numbers: Survey Question Design, Analysis, and Reporting' (Presentation as part of the Research Design and Analysis Research Forum, ANU Collge of Law, Tuesday 12 May 2009).

MA Nolan, 'Case Commentary: Counter-Terrorism Interviewing and Investigative Interoperability: R v ul-Haque' (Paper presented at Crossing Borders: Promoting Regional Law Enforcement Cooperation: European, Australian and Asia-Pacific Perspectives conference, Australian National University, 8-9 April 2009).

MA Nolan, 'The New Criminal Jury System in Japan: Should Thailand Adopt It' (Paper presented as a Visiting Scholar, Faculty of Law, Chulalongkorn University, Friday 23 January, 2009).

2008

MA Nolan (with Deputy Chief Justice John Faulks, Family Court of Australia), 'Psychology of Judicial Decision-Making and Bias' (Session 11, National Judicial College of Australia, Phoenix Judges Program, Canberra, 22 May 2008).

2007

MA Nolan, 'Reintroducing a Criminal Jury in Japan: Reform Lessons For Us All? (Paper presented in the session 'Lay Participation in Australian and Japanese Justice #1' at the Japanese Law After Recession and Reform: Once Was Lost, Now Found, 5th Annual International Australian Network of Japanese Law conference, ANU, Canberra, 5-6 July 2007).

MA Nolan, 'Legal (Social) Psychology and Criminal Law Reform: Beyond Mere Opinion Polling and Penal Populism' (Paper presented at the Workshop on Regulating Deviance: The Redirection of Criminalisation and the Futures of Criminal Law, International Institute for the Sociology of Law, Onati, 14-15 June 2007).

MA Nolan, 'Reintroducing a Criminal Jury in Japan: Reform Lessons For Us All? (Paper presented at the Institute for Comparative Law in Japan, Chuo University, 5 June 2007).

MA Nolan, 'Measuring Support for Australian Counter-Terrorism Initiatives and Human Rights: The Impact of Offence Construal, Perpetrator Motive and Siege Mentality'. (Paper presented on 16 May 2007 to the UNSW School of Psychology Colloquium Series)

2006

MA Nolan, 'Citizenship Law and Identity: A View from Social Psychology.' (Panel Presentation in the Public Plenary Session 4 Who Are We?: How Law Constructs Identity,13 December at the 23rd Australasian Law and Society Conference Right or Racket?: The Protection of Law Wollongong, Australia,13-15 December 2006.)

MA Nolan, 'Measuring Support for Australian Counter-Terrorism Initiatives and Human Rights: The Impact of Offence Construal, Perpetrator Motive, and Siege Mentality.' (Paper presented on 11 November at the 26th Annual Congress of the Australian and New Zealand Association of Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, 9-12 November 2006, Lorne, Victoria, Australia)

MA Nolan, 'Measuring Support for Australian Counter-Terrorism Initiatives and Human Rights: The Impact of Offence Construal, Perpetrator Motive and Siege Mentality' (Paper presented at the 35th Annual Conference of the Society for Australasian Social Psychologists, 20-23 April 2006).

MA Nolan, 'Measuring Support for Australian Counter-Terrorism Initiatives and Human Rights: The Impact of Offence Construal, Perpetrator Motive and Siege Mentality' (Paper presented at the Expert Workshop "Ensuring Accountability: Terrorist Challenges and State Responses in a Free Society", National Europe Centre, ANU 20-21 April 2006. This workshop was funded by ARC Discovery Project grant DP0451473, the National Institute of Social Sciences and Law (ANU), the Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia, the National Europe Centre (ANU), the ANU College of Law, and the Centre for International and Public Law (ANU)).

2005

MA Nolan, 'Australian Attitudes Towards Counter-Terrorism: Perpetrator Motive, Offence Construal, Siege Mentality, and Human Rights Beliefs' (Paper presented at the 2nd Annual Spring Workshop, School of Psychology, ANU, Human Rights and Human Wrongs: Social Psychology Meets Law and Justice, 1-2 November 2005).

MA Nolan, 'Comparative Legal History of Counter-Terrorism Law in Australia and Japan: From the Hope Report to the CTC' (Paper presented at the Terrorism and Law Workshop, Gilbert+Tobin Centre of Public Law, University of NSW, Coogee Plaza Hotel, Coogee Beach, 20 June 2005).

MA Nolan, 'An Intergroup Approach to Human Rights Law: Benefits for Psychology and Law' (Paper presented in the Social Psychology seminar series, University of Kansas, 13 May 2005). MA Nolan, 'Legal Psychology and Japanese Jury Reform' (Paper presented in the Social Economic and Organistation Research Group seminar series, University of Exeter, 28 April 2005).

MA Nolan, 'Report From Chuo Exchange: New Japanese Quasi-Jury Trials and Relevance to Australia' (Paper presented in the ANU Faculty of Law Seminar Series, Canberra, 9 March 2005).

MA Nolan, 'Thoughts on Jury Composition and Decision Making in the Proposed Japanese saiban-in seido' (Paper presented to students and staff at the Chuo University Law School, Faculty of Law, Chuo University, Ichigaya Campus, Tokyo, Japan, 8 February 2005).

MA Nolan, 'Legal, Political, and Social Psychological Responses to Terrorism' (Paper presented at a Staff Seminar, Institute of Comparative Law in Japan, Faculty of Law, Chuo University, Tama Campus, Tokyo, Japan, 3 February 2005).

2004

S Fletcher, MA Nolan, and S Bronitt, 'CrimPro: Teaching Criminal Procedure Using a Video Recorded Case Study' (Paper presented by S Fletcher to the Australian Society for Computers in Learning and Tertiary Education Conference, "Beyond the Comfort Zone", Perth, 6 December 2004).

MA Nolan, 'Legal Responses to Political Violence and 'Terrorism': Is Social Psychology Relevant?' (Paper presented to the Groupthinktank Work in Progress Seminar Series, ANU School of Psychology, Canberra, 26 November 2004).

MA Nolan and K Anderson, 'Jury Composition and Decision Making in the Proposed Japanese Mixed Jury System' (Paper presented in D Tait (chair), 'Jury Systems and Representativeness' at the 3rd Annual Jury Research and Practice Conference presented by the National Court of the Future Network at University of Canberra, the University of Melbourne, and the National Institute of Judicial Administration, 19 November 2004).

MA Nolan, 'Putting Identification as a Human Rights Activist and Social Change Ideology Into Practice in Australia' (Paper presented to the ANU School of Psychology's First Annual Spring Workshop in Social Psychology "Expectations, Norms, and Ideologies", Canberra, 11 November 2004).

MA Nolan, 'Teaching Criminal Procedure With Film, Practitioners' Interviews and a WebCT Self-Study Module' (Paper presented at the Australasian Law Teachers Association (ALTA) Conference, Darwin, 9 July 2004).

2003

MA Nolan, 'Thinking Differently About Jury Deliberations and Mock Trialing' (Paper presented at the Jury Research Conference, Sydney, 17 October 2003. Conference was co-sponsored by the Institute of Criminology, University of Sydney and the National Court of the Future Project, University of Canberra.  

MA Nolan, 'Studying Lay Reactions to Australian Anti-Terrorism Legislation' (Paper presented at the 32nd Annual Meeting of the Society for Australasian Social Psychologists, Sydney, 26 April 2003).

MA Nolan, 'International Perspectives on Lay Participation in Justice: Is a Mixed Criminal Jury What Everyone Aims For?' (Paper presented at the Reforms and International Cooperation in the Western Pacific Rim conference, Osaka School of International Public Policy, Osaka University, Japan, 13 February, 2003).

2002

MA Nolan, 'Discrimination Between Women: Access to Assisted Reproductive Technologies in Australia Since 2000'. (Paper presented to the 10th Meeting of the Australian and New Zealand Society of International Law, Canberra, 15 June, 2002).

MA Nolan and PJ Oakes, 'Responding to Perceived Injustice With Human Rights: Strategic Thinking and Metastereotyping in the Australian Campaign for Access to Assisted Reproductive Technology' (Paper presented at the 8th Annual Meeting of the Society of Australasian Social Psychologists, in a symposium on 'Theory and research in social justice', Adelaide, 26 April 2002).

2001

MA Nolan, 'Human Rights Concepts in Australian Political Debate' (Paper presented to the Human Rights Protection: Boundaries and Challenges Workshop, St Kilda, 12-14 December, 2001).

MA Nolan, 'An Australian Mock Trial: Advocacy, instructions, addresses and the jury' (Paper presented at the Law Society of the ACT Seminar 'A Day of Crime in Canberra' in the session 'What makes juries tick?', Canberra, 28 November 2001.

MA Nolan, 'An Australian Mock Trial: Advocacy, Instructions, Addresses and the Jury' (Paper presented at the TAC Law Conference 2001, Melbourne, 5-6 October 2001).

MA Nolan, and PJ Oakes, 'Social Beliefs and the Construal of Human Rights: Perceptions of the Purpose of Human Rights in Response to Australian Mandatory Sentencing Laws' (Paper presented to the 6th Annual Meeting of the Society of Australasian Social Psychologists, Melbourne, 13-15 July 2001).

2000

MA Nolan and PJ Oakes, 'The Selection of Justice Norms in the Human Rights Context: Social Beliefs, Justice Norms, and Activist Identity' (Paper presented on invitation to the Spring Workshop in Social Psychology: Justice and Fairness. School of Psychology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, 27-28 November 2000).

D Abrams, S Duarte, S Guimond, C Mosso, MA Nolan, J-P Vernet, 'Status, Stability and System Justification: The Role of Identification and Social Dominance Orientation in Legitimating the System' (Paper presented on behalf of workshop group invited to attend a workshop on intergroup relations run by Dominic Abrams and Serge Guimond for the European Association of Social Psychology PhD Students' Summer School 2000, Clérmont Férrand, France, July 9-22, 21 July 2000).

1999

MA Nolan, and PJ Oakes, 'From Domestic to Transnational Identities: The Social Psychology of International Human Rights Law' (Paper presented at the 4th Annual Meeting of the Society of Australasian Social Psychologists, Coolum, 8-11 April 1999).